Modirrousta 1

ABSTRACT Nosemosis is the most common disease in adult bees. Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae species are agents of important economic losses to beekeepers around the world. The severity of disease at various area is different. Previously, N. apis was observed in areas with a long winter, especially in late winter and early spring. But in recent years, disease has been reported in the warm seasons. The studies indicated that a new species as N. ceranae is involvement in loss and mortality in adult bees. Therefore, diagnosis and differentiation of Nosema species is importance at colony collapse disorders (CCD). The aim of this Research was a retrospective study on Nosema samples isolated from apiaries. Forty-one Nosema Sp. Positive samples were collected from five provinces during 2004 to 2013. The samples were tested by multiplex PCR method using both primers of N. ceranea and N. apis were simultaneously. All of samples were positive for N. ceranea. The products were sent for sequencing. The results show that N. ceranea has spread in Iran, from previous years almost simultaneously with other parts of the world

Comparison of Antibacterial Effect of Malva Sylvestris L.(Aerial and Root Organs) by MIC

Introduction: Malva sylvestris belongs to Malvaceae family from which A great deal of (malvone A:2-methony-5,6di hydroxyl-1,4naphthoquinone) anthocyanins and important natural pigments have been extracted. Anthocyanins and other substances of Malva sylvestris own antibacterial properties. Methods: In this study, antibacterial properties of Malva sylvestris were investigated on the 6 bacterial species (Pasteurella multosida, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae) via Hydro-alcoholic extract (arial and root organs) Results: In this study, the anti-bacterial effects of alcoholic extract of Malva sylvestris was separately investigated according to which the most ani-bacterial effect belonged to the extract of the aerial parts on Pasteurella multosida(3/12(0/19mg/ml)%) and no effect was observed on Salmonella enteritidis . Conclusion: however antibiotics play an important role in human health,with the increasing occurrence of bacterial resistance against available antibiotics ,it has now become essential to look for newer antibiotics

Effects of Fruit of Rosa Canina L.Extract on the Level of Plasma Glucose in Male Diabet-Induced Rats

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic and complex metabolic diseases of human , which hyperglycemia can be mentioned as its prominent characteristic. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of fruit of Rosa canina (R.c.) extract in healthy and diabetic rats. Method: A total of 72 Wistar male rats were divided into six group: control,&nbsp; STZ (diabetic) control, &nbsp;R.c. control (50 mg/kg), R.c. control (100 mg/kg) and two experimental groups with 50, and 100 mg/kg of extract dose. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocine (60 mg/kg; IP), and blood collection was carried out on 0, 2 and 4 hours after the oral administration of the extracts. Results: The levels of plasma glucose were determined by spectrophotometric method. In order to statistically analyze the study data, ANOVA test was performed. There was a significant difference between groups concerning the plasma glucose concentration (P<0.0001), which the lowest concentration between diabetes groups was observed in the two experimental groups. Moreover, R.c. had a marked hypoglycemic effect on diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: R.c. extract in hyperglycemic status demands to be further studied in order to control and prevent its complications